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Artificial Bear Bile: A Novel Approach to Balancing Medical Requirements and Animal Welfare

Yong Li,Yuhong Huang,Nan Feng,Heping Zhang,Jing Qu,Shuanggang Ma,Yunbao Liu,Jiang Li,Shaofeng Xu,Ling Wang,Mi Zhang,Jie Cai,Weiping Wang,Ru Feng,Hang Yu,Bo Yu,Dailiang Liang,Heping Qin,Suxiang Luo,Yanfen Li,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.017

摘要： Bear bile has been a valuable and effective medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for over 13 centuries. However, the current practice of obtaining it through bear farming is under scrutiny for its adverse impact on bear welfare. Here, we present a new approach for creating artificial bear bile (ABB) as a high-quality and sustainable alternative to natural bear bile. This study addresses the scientific challenges of creating bear bile alternatives through interdisciplinary collaborations across various fields, including resources, chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacology, and TCM. A comprehensive efficacy assessment system that bridges the gap between TCM and modern medical terminology has been established, allowing for the systematic screening of therapeutic constituents. Through the utilization of chemical synthesis and enzyme engineering technologies, our research has achieved the environmentally friendly, large-scale production of bear bile therapeutic compounds, as well as the optimization and recomposition of ABB formulations. The resulting ABB not only closely resembles natural bear bile in its composition but also offers advantages such as consistent product quality, availability of raw materials, and independence from threatened or wild resources. Comprehensive preclinical efficacy evaluations have demonstrated the equivalence of the therapeutic effects from ABB and those from commercially available drained bear bile (DBB). Furthermore, preclinical toxicological assessment and phase Ⅰ clinical trials show that the safety of ABB is on par with that of the currently used DBB. This innovative strategy can serve as a new research paradigm for developing alternatives for other endangered TCMs, thereby strengthening the integrity and sustainability of TCM.

关键词： Artificial bear bile     Chemical profile     Formula optimization     Pharmacodynamic consistency     Preclinical toxicological assessment    

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Two-dimensional numerical and eco-toxicological modeling of chemical spills

Suiliang HUANG, Yafei JIA, Sam S. Y. WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 178-185 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0020-9

摘要： The effects of chemical spills on aquatic non-target organisms were evaluated in this study. Based on a review of three types of current eco-toxicological models of chemicals, i.e., ACQUATOX model of the US-EPA, Hudson River Model of PCBs, and critical body residual (CBR) model and dynamic energy budget (DEBtox) model, this paper presents an uncoupled numerical eco-toxicological model. The transport and transformation of spilled chemicals were simulated by a chemical transport model (including flow and sediment transport), and the mortalities of an organism caused by the chemicals were simulated by the extended threshold damage model, separately. Due to extreme scarcity of data, this model was applied to two hypothetical cases of chemical spills happening upstream of a lake. Theoretical analysis and simulated results indicated that this model is capable of reasonably predicting the acute effects of chemical spills on aquatic ecosystems or organism killings.

关键词： chemical spills     acute effects     aquatic ecosystem     eco-toxicological modeling    

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法医毒物分析的应用及其发展方向

刘耀

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第9期   页码 42-44

摘要：

介绍2个案例，说明法医毒物分析在为侦查破案提供线索、为案件定性提供证据以及为急救采取的措施提供依据等方面的重要性；指明法医毒物分析的难点是被分析的物微量和从生物样品中提取被分析物过程中的蛋白质和脂肪去除困难；认为中国法医毒物分析水平、部分分析技术处于发达国家20世纪末的水平，但标准化管理滞后。今后毒物分析发展要根据国家的实际需要并瞄准世界先进水平。

关键词： 法医毒物分析     标准化管理     生物样品提取    

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human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into sweat gland-like cells: a preclinical

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 345-353 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0282-2

摘要：

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) possess various advantageous properties, including self-renewal, extended proliferation potential, multi-lineage differentiation potential and capacity for differentiating into sweat gland-like cells in certain conditions. However, little is known about the effect of clinical-grade culture conditions on these properties and on the differentiative potential of hUC-MSCs. In this study, we sought to investigate the properties of hUC-MSCs expanded with animal serum free culture media (ASFCM) in order to determine their potential for differentiation into sweat gland-like cells. We found that primary cultures of hUC-MSCs could be established with ASFCM. Moreover, cells cultured in ASFCM showed vigorous proliferation comparable to those of cells grown in classical culture conditions containing fetal bovine serum (FBS). Morphology of hUC-MSCs cultured in ASFCM was comparable to those of cells grown under classical culture conditions, and hUC-MSCs grown in both of the two culture conditions tested showed the typical antigen profile of MSCs—positive for CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105, and negative for CD34 and CD45, as expected. Chromosomal aberration assay revealed that the cells were stable after long-term culture under both culture conditions. Like normal cultured MSCs, hUC-MSCs induced under ASFCM conditions exhibited expression of the same markers (CEA, CK14 and CK19) and developmental genes (EDA and EDAR) that are characteristic of normal sweat gland cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that the classical culture medium used to differentiate hUC-MSCs into sweat gland-like cells can be replaced safely by ASFCM for clinical purposes.

关键词： umbilical cord     mesenchymal stem cells     sweat gland     preclinical    

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non-ligand-blocking agonistic anti-OX40 antibody, exhibits superior immune activation and antitumor effects in preclinical

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0996-8

摘要： OX40 is a costimulatory receptor that is expressed primarily on activated CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T cells. The ligation of OX40 to its sole ligand OX40L potentiates T cell expansion, differentiation, and activation and also promotes dendritic cells to mature to enhance their cytokine production. Therefore, the use of agonistic anti-OX40 antibodies for cancer immunotherapy has gained great interest. However, most of the agonistic anti-OX40 antibodies in the clinic are OX40L-competitive and show limited efficacy. Here, we discovered that BGB-A445, a non-ligand-competitive agonistic anti-OX40 antibody currently under clinical investigation, induced optimal T cell activation without impairing dendritic cell function. In addition, BGB-A445 dose-dependently and significantly depleted regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In the MC38 syngeneic model established in humanized OX40 knock-in mice, BGB-A445 demonstrated robust and dose-dependent antitumor efficacy, whereas the ligand-competitive anti-OX40 antibody showed antitumor efficacy characterized by a hook effect. Furthermore, BGB-A445 demonstrated a strong combination antitumor effect with an anti-PD-1 antibody. Taken together, our findings show that BGB-A445, which does not block OX40–OX40L interaction in contrast to clinical-stage anti-OX40 antibodies, shows superior immune-stimulating effects and antitumor efficacy and thus warrants further clinical investigation.

关键词： BGB-A445     OX40     agonistic antibody     OX40L noncompetitive    

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Patient-derived xenograft platform of OSCC: a renewable human bio-bank for preclinical cancer research

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 104-110 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0432-4

摘要：

Advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have begun to reveal the complex genetic landscape in human cancer genomes, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Sophisticated preclinical models that fully represent intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity are required to understand the molecular diversity of cancer and achieve the goal of personalized therapies. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models generated from human tumor samples that can retain the histological and genetic features of their donor tumors have been shown to be the preferred preclinical tool in translational cancer research compared with other conventional preclinical models. Specifically, genetically well-defined PDX models can be applied to accelerate targeted antitumor drug development and biomarker discovery. Recently, we have successfully established and characterized an OSCC PDX panel as part of our tumor bio-bank for translational cancer research. In this paper, we discuss the establishment, characterization, and preclinical applications of the PDX models. In particular, we focus on the classification and applications of the PDX models based on validated annotations, including clinicopathological features, genomic profiles, and pharmacological testing information. We also explore the translational value of this well-annotated PDX panel in the development of co-clinical trials for patient stratification and treatment optimization in the near future. Although various limitations still exist, this preclinical approach should be further tested and improved.

关键词： patient-derived xenograft models     personalized medicine     co-clinical trial     patient stratification     oral squamous cell carcinoma    

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Structural pavement assessment in Germany

Lutz PINKOFSKY, Dirk JANSEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 183-191 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0412-z

摘要： The aging structure as well as the considerable increase of heavy-traffic load on Germany’s motorways and trunk roads encourages the use of innovative, sound and reliable methods for the structural assessment on network level as well as on project level. Essential elements for this are data, which allow a reliable assessment. For a holistic approach to structural pavement assessment performance orientated measurements will be necessary. In combination with functional parameters as well as write-down models, strategically motivated decision making processes will be useful combined with technically motivated decision processes. For the application at the network level, the available methods for performance orientated measurements are still challenging, as they are based either on testing drill-cores or on non-traffic speed methods. In recent years significant innovation steps have been made to bring traffic speed bearing capacity measurements and methods for evaluating pavement structures on the road. The paper summarizes the actual assessment procedures in Germany as well as the ongoing work on the development and implementation of new methods and techniques.

关键词： pavement assessment     Germany     structure     system    

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Environmental and human health impact assessment of major interior wall decorative materials

Bingqing ZHANG, Ruochen ZENG, Xiaodong LI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 406-415 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0025-4

摘要： Despite the growing interest in green products in the interior wall decorative material market, knowledge gaps exist because determining which product is more environmental and user friendly than the others is difficult. This work assesses the environmental and human health profiles of interior latex and wallpaper. Two interior latex products of different raw material ratios and one non-woven wallpaper product are considered. The environmental impact assessment follows life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and applies Building Environmental Performance Analysis System (BEPAS). The human health impact is based on impact-pathway chain and is performed using Building Health Impact Analysis System (BHIAS). The assessment scope, associated emissions, and territorial scope of various emissions are defined to facilitate comparison study of interior wall decorative products. The impacts are classified into 15 categories belonging to three safeguard areas: ecological environment, natural resources, and human health. The impacts of categories are calculated and monetized using willingness to pay (WTP) and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and summarized as an integrated external cost of environmental and human health impacts. Assessment results reveal that the integrated impact of interior latex is lower than that of non-woven wallpaper, and the interior latex of low quality causes low life cycle integrated impact. The most impacted categories are global warming, respiratory effects, and water consumption. Hotspots of product manufacturing are recognized to promote green product design.

关键词： life cycle assessment     human health impact     integrated assessment     interior wall decorative material     green product    

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT INDEX: DEFINITION, GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 356-365 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022458

摘要：

● A composite N management index is proposed to measure agriculture sustainability.

关键词： global assessment     indicator     nitrogen management     sustainable agriculture     sustainable development goals    

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Game theoretic analysis of environmental impact assessment system in China

CHENG Hongguang, PU Xiao, GONG Li, QI Ye

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 448-453 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0071-8

摘要： Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has been established in China since 1973. In present EIA cases, there are four participants in general: governments, enterprises, EIA organizations and the public. The public has held re

关键词： public     impact assessment     Environmental impact     general    

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Creep life assessment of aero-engine recuperator based on continuum damage mechanics approach

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0702-6

摘要： The creep life of an aeroengine recuperator is investigated in terms of continuum damage mechanics by using finite element simulations. The effects of the manifold wall thickness and creep properties of brazing filler metal on the operating life of the recuperator are analyzed. Results show that the crack initiates from the brazing filler metal located on the outer surface of the manifold with the wall thickness of 2 mm and propagates throughout the whole region of the brazing filler metal when the creep time reaches 34900 h. The creep life of the recuperator meets the requirement of 40000 h continuous operation when the wall thickness increases to 3.5 mm, but its total weight increases by 15%. Decreasing the minimum creep strain rate with the enhancement of the creep strength of the brazing filler metal presents an obvious effect on the creep life of the recuperator. At the same stress level, the creep rupture time of the recuperator is enhanced by 13 times if the mismatch between the minimum creep rate of the filler and base metal is reduced by 20%.

关键词： creep     life assessment     brazed joint     continuum damage mechanics     aeroengine recuperator    

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Fate and risk assessment of emerging contaminants in reclaimed water production processes

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1392-8

摘要：

• PPCPs had the highest removal efficiency in A2O combined with MBR process (86.8%).

关键词： Trace organic pollution     Antibiotic resistance genes     Reclaimed wastewater     Sludge     Risk assessment     Mass load    

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design of novel proton-pump inhibitors with reduced adverse effects

Xiaoyi Li, Hong Kang, Wensheng Liu, Sarita Singhal, Na Jiao, Yong Wang, Lixin Zhu, Ruixin Zhu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 277-284 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0630-3

摘要： The development of new proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) with less adverse effects by lowering the pKa values of nitrogen atoms in pyrimidine rings has been previously suggested by our group. In this work, we proposed that new PPIs should have the following features: (1) number of ring II= number of ring I+ 1; (2) preferably five, six, or seven-membered heteroatomic ring for stability; and (3) 1

关键词： proton-pump inhibitor     adverse effect     pharmacological mechanism     toxicological mechanism     pKa calculation    

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Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 308-319 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0696-x

摘要： This paper aims to discuss an environmental, social, and economic analysis of energy utilization of crop residues from life cycle perspectives in China. The methodologies employed to achieve this objective are environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA), life cycle cost (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA). Five scenarios are developed based on the conversion technologies and final bioenergy products. The system boundaries include crop residue collection, transportation, pre-treatment, and conversion process. The replaced amounts of energy are also taken into account in the E-LCA analysis. The functional unit is defined as 1 MJ of energy produced. Eight impact categories are considered besides climate change in E-LCA. The investment capital cost and salary cost are collected and compared in the life cycle of the scenarios. Three stakeholders and several subcategories are considered in the S-LCA analysis defined by UNEP/SETAS guidelines. The results show that the energy utilization of crop residue has carbon emission factors of 0.09–0.18 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ), and presents a net carbon emissions reduction of 0.03–0.15 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ) compared with the convectional electricity or petrol, but the other impacts should be paid attention to in the biomass energy scenarios. The energy utilization of crop residues can bring economic benefit to local communities and the society, but the working conditions of local workers need to be improved in future biomass energy development.

关键词： crop residue     life cycle assessment     life cycle cost     social life cycle assessment     energy production    

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Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

摘要： The coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions, but its carbon footprint and cost assessment are still insufficient. In this paper, coal mining to oil production is taken as a life cycle to evaluate the carbon footprint and levelized costs of direct-coal-to-liquid and indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology under three scenarios: non capture, process capture, process and public capture throughout the life cycle. The results show that, first, the coupling carbon capture utilization and storage technology can reduce CO2 footprint by 28%–57% from 5.91 t CO2/t·oil of direct-coal-to-liquid and 24%–49% from 7.10 t CO2/t·oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid. Next, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquid is 653–1065 $/t of oil. When coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 285–1364 $/t of oil, compared to 1101–9793 $/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that CO2 transportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint, while coal price and initial investment cost significantly affect the levelized cost of coal-to-liquid.

关键词： coal-to-liquid     carbon capture     utilization and storage (CCUS)     carbon footprint     levelized cost of liquid     lifecycle assessment    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Artificial Bear Bile: A Novel Approach to Balancing Medical Requirements and Animal Welfare

Yong Li,Yuhong Huang,Nan Feng,Heping Zhang,Jing Qu,Shuanggang Ma,Yunbao Liu,Jiang Li,Shaofeng Xu,Ling Wang,Mi Zhang,Jie Cai,Weiping Wang,Ru Feng,Hang Yu,Bo Yu,Dailiang Liang,Heping Qin,Suxiang Luo,Yanfen Li,

期刊论文

Two-dimensional numerical and eco-toxicological modeling of chemical spills

Suiliang HUANG, Yafei JIA, Sam S. Y. WANG

期刊论文

法医毒物分析的应用及其发展方向

刘耀

期刊论文

human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into sweat gland-like cells: a preclinical

null

期刊论文

non-ligand-blocking agonistic anti-OX40 antibody, exhibits superior immune activation and antitumor effects in preclinical

期刊论文

Patient-derived xenograft platform of OSCC: a renewable human bio-bank for preclinical cancer research

null

期刊论文

Structural pavement assessment in Germany

Lutz PINKOFSKY, Dirk JANSEN

期刊论文

Environmental and human health impact assessment of major interior wall decorative materials

Bingqing ZHANG, Ruochen ZENG, Xiaodong LI

期刊论文

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT INDEX: DEFINITION, GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS

期刊论文

Game theoretic analysis of environmental impact assessment system in China

CHENG Hongguang, PU Xiao, GONG Li, QI Ye

期刊论文

Creep life assessment of aero-engine recuperator based on continuum damage mechanics approach

期刊论文

Fate and risk assessment of emerging contaminants in reclaimed water production processes

期刊论文

design of novel proton-pump inhibitors with reduced adverse effects

Xiaoyi Li, Hong Kang, Wensheng Liu, Sarita Singhal, Na Jiao, Yong Wang, Lixin Zhu, Ruixin Zhu

期刊论文

Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

期刊论文

Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

期刊论文